Evidence
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This library hosts materials developed by Switchboard and by former Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR)-funded technical assistance (TA) providers (most in fiscal years 2016-2018, with selected earlier materials). This library links materials externally where: their formats were incompatible with internal hosting; they were developed by current ORR-funded TA providers; or they were developed by non-ORR funded authors who granted permission for the links.
Author Definitions
Free Full TextPalm Beach County, Florida Smart Policing Initiative: Increasing Police Legitimacy and Reducing Victimization in Immigrant Communities
Publication Year: 2012
Outcome area(s): Inclusive Communities
Intervention(s): Law Enforcement
Relevant ORR Program(s): Preferred Communities, Public/Private Partnership Program, Refugee Career Pathways, Refugee School Impact Program, Refugee Support Services
Direction of Evidence: Positive impact
Strength of Evidence: Suggestive
Type of Study: Suggestive evidence
This study examined a Smart Policing Initiative (SPI) addressing robberies in a Guatemalan community in a Florida community. The centerpiece of the SPI involved the hiring of a community liaison and the re-assignment of a dedicated robbery detective to the target area. The community liaison served as a community advocate and as an intermediary between …
Free Full TextImproving outgroup attitudes in schools: A meta-analytic review.
Publication Year: 2018
Outcome area(s): Inclusive Communities
Intervention(s): School-Based Anti-Bias Program
Relevant ORR Program(s): Refugee School Impact Program, Unaccompanied Refugee Minors, Youth Mentoring
Direction of Evidence: Positive impact
Strength of Evidence: Strong
Type of Study: Meta-analysis
To provide information for educators, educational psychologists, school psychologists, and social psychologists, we conducted a quantitative meta-analytic test of n = 50 studies dating from 1995 to 2015 that evaluated the effects of in-school interventions on attitudes toward outgroup members (defined as members of different ethnic or religious backgrounds or different age groups, persons with either physical or …
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Free Full TextImproving children’s attitudes toward refugees: An evaluation of a school-based multicultural curriculum and an anti-racist intervention
Publication Year: 2018
Outcome area(s): Inclusive Communities
Intervention(s): School-Based Anti-Bias Program
Relevant ORR Program(s): Preferred Communities, Public/Private Partnership Program, Refugee Career Pathways, Refugee School Impact Program, Refugee Support Services
Direction of Evidence: Inconclusive or mixed impact
Strength of Evidence: Suggestive
Type of Study: Suggestive evidence
We evaluated the impact of the Friendship Project, a program designed to improve elementary school children’s attitudes toward refugees. Participants either received 4 weekly lessons based on the program, or they received no lessons. All participants completed attitude measures before and after implementation of the program. Half completed the post-test 1 week after completion of …
Free Full TextBuilding the New American Community: Newcomer integration and inclusion experiences in non-traditional gateway cities
Publication Year: 2004
Outcome area(s): Inclusive Communities
Intervention(s): Community Initiatives
Relevant ORR Program(s): Preferred Communities, Public/Private Partnership Program, Refugee Career Pathways, Refugee School Impact Program, Refugee Support Services
Direction of Evidence: Positive impact
Strength of Evidence: Suggestive
Type of Study: Suggestive evidence
The study examined how governments and civil society can co-operate to achieve positive integration outcomes. Coalitions to develop and experiment with integration strategies were formed in Lowell, Nashville and Portland. This three-year initiative focused on building relationships among organizations and institutions affiliated with the refugee/immigrant and receiving communities in order to capitalize on existing resources …
Free Full TextCan we make a difference? Prejudice towards asylum seekers in Australia and the effectiveness of antiprejudice interventions
Publication Year: 2015
Outcome area(s): Inclusive Communities
Intervention(s): Anti-Prejudice Interventions
Relevant ORR Program(s): Preferred Communities, Public/Private Partnership Program, Refugee Career Pathways, Refugee School Impact Program, Refugee Support Services
Direction of Evidence: Positive impact
Strength of Evidence: Suggestive
Type of Study: Literature synthesis
Over the past few decades, Australia has implemented increasingly restrictive measures to try and deter the arrival of asylum seekers. In our article, we review what is known in the literature about the antecedents of prejudice against asylum seekers. We outline 11 mechanisms, or variables, as being particularly important. We then draw out the practical …
Free Full TextBuilding welcome from the ground up: European small and rural communities engaging in refugee resettlement.
Publication Year: 2020
Outcome area(s): Inclusive Communities
Intervention(s): Community Initiatives
Relevant ORR Program(s): Preferred Communities, Public/Private Partnership Program, Refugee Career Pathways, Refugee School Impact Program, Refugee Support Services
Direction of Evidence: Positive impact
Strength of Evidence: Suggestive
Type of Study: Suggestive evidence
This study aims to deepen understanding of how refugee resettlement to small or rural localities is experienced by both refugees and receiving communities, drawing on interviews with local stakeholders and refugees in four EU countries (Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden). These interviews pointed to a number of strategies and policy approaches that have emerged …
Free Full TextBystander anti-racism: A review of the literature
Publication Year: 2011
Outcome area(s): Inclusive Communities
Intervention(s): Bystander Anti-Racism
Relevant ORR Program(s): Preferred Communities, Public/Private Partnership Program, Refugee Career Pathways, Refugee School Impact Program, Refugee Support Services
Direction of Evidence: Positive impact
Strength of Evidence: Strong
Type of Study: Systematic review
This review of literature on anti-racist prosocial action points to the strong and largely untapped policy potential of bystander anti-racism. Bystander anti-racism is conceptualized as action taken by “ordinary” people in response to incidents of interpersonal or systemic racism. The utility of bystander anti-racism is also demonstrated, with evidence suggesting productive effects for targets and …
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Free Full TextValuing immigration: How frame elements contribute to effective communications
Publication Year: 2010
Outcome area(s): Inclusive Communities
Intervention(s): Media Framing
Relevant ORR Program(s): Preferred Communities, Public/Private Partnership Program, Refugee Career Pathways, Refugee School Impact Program, Refugee Support Services
Direction of Evidence: Inconclusive or mixed impact
Strength of Evidence: Moderate
Type of Study: Impact evaluation
Two experimental surveys were conducted to understand the effects of three types of value frames: (1) frames that specifically implicate racial and ethnic discrimination, structural racism or inequality in explaining why society ought to enact policy reforms; (2) frames that simply underscore the benefits that might accrue to racial and ethnic minority communities if policy …
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Free Full TextCan we really reduce ethnic prejudice outside the lab? A meta-analysis of direct and indirect contact interventions.
Publication Year: 2015
Outcome area(s): Inclusive Communities
Intervention(s): Contact Interventions
Relevant ORR Program(s): Preferred Communities, Public/Private Partnership Program, Refugee Career Pathways, Refugee School Impact Program, Refugee Support Services
Direction of Evidence: Positive impact
Strength of Evidence: Strong
Type of Study: Meta-analysis
The present meta-analysis tested the effectiveness of contact-based interventions for the reduction of ethnic prejudice. Up to now, a meta-analysis summarizing the results of real-world interventions that rest on the intergroup contact theory has been missing. We included evaluations of programs realizing direct (i.e., face-to-face) and/or indirect (i.e., extended or virtual) contact in realworld settings …
Free Full TextSocial-developmental perspective on intergroup attitudes towards immigrants and refugees in childhood and adolescence: A roadmap from theory to practice for an inclusive society
Publication Year: 2019
Outcome area(s): Inclusive Communities
Intervention(s): Intergroup Contact
Relevant ORR Program(s): Preferred Communities, Public/Private Partnership Program, Refugee Career Pathways, Refugee School Impact Program, Refugee Support Services
Direction of Evidence: Inconclusive or mixed impact
Strength of Evidence: Suggestive
Type of Study: Literature synthesis
The unprecedented rates of migration throughout the world have raised concerns about the social integration of immigrants and refugees due to possible experiences of prejudice, discrimination, and hostility from members of the host society. In this article, we review developmental and social theories and related research outlining children’s and adolescents’ intergroup attitudes towards immigrants and …